1) /r/ - is rolled (like Queen's or operatic English)
2) /y/ - is a weird sound, a little like the short English /i/ (as in bit) and pronounced more at the back of the throat with the tongue down (dont' worry about it)
3) /g/ - is like /g/ in get
4) /zh/ - is like the French /g/ in gentil
5) /j/ - is like the initial sound /y/ in Yosemite
6) /c/ - is like /ts/ pronounced very closely together
7) ' - is used to represent a "softened" consonant sound, for example, /l'/ would be like the French /l/, /sh'/ would be like the French /ch/ in chic (rather than chat)

English Russian
Words and Terms
climbing (the sport) lazanije
rock climbing skalolazanije
rope (the thing we tie into) veriovka
rock (the stuff we climb on) skaly (plural)
to rappel d'ul'feriat' (no, that doesn't mean Russians only rappel by duelfersitz)
anchor jakor, stancija
route trassa, marshrut
bolt shliambur
quickdraw ottiazhka
runner petlia
trad (climbing on gear) tradicionnoje lazanije
sport (climbing on bolts) sportivnoje lazanije
alpine alpinizmn
ice climbing ledolazanije
ice liod
aid climbing s ITO (Iskusstvennymi Tochkami Opory)
pitch veriovka
to belay strahovat'
to lead lidirovat'
toprope s verhnej strahovkoj
harness besedka, obviazka
shoes (skalolaznyje) tapochki
carabiner karabin
cord repshnur
webbing stropa
knot uzel
check the knot proverit' uzel
chalk magnezia
bouldering bouldering
crashpad mat
Climbing Commands
on belay strahovka gotova!
off belay (I'm safe and you can take me off belay) samostrahovka! (literally: auto-belay)
belay off (I have taken you off belay) strahovki niet
off rappel veriovka svobodna (lit: rope is free)
rock! (I'm dropping something on your head) kamen'!
rope! (I'm about to pull my rope now) veriovka!
slack! (I need slack) vydaj
up rope (there's too much slack - please remove some of it) vybiraj
take! (remove all slack immediately) natiani!
watch me (I'm in trouble here) vnimanije! (lit: attention)
Useful Sentences
What is the name of this route? Kak nazyvajetsa eta trassa? etot marshrut?
What is this route rated? Kakoj kategorii slozhnosti eta trassa?
Do I need a sixty meter rope for this route? Nuzhna li shestidesiatimetrovaja (60m) veriovka, chtoby projti etu trassu?
Do I need two ropes to rappel this route? Nuzhno li dve veriovki, chtoby d'ul'feriat'?
How many pitches does this route have? Skol'ko veriovok / uchastkov na etoj trasse?
Do I need trad gear to lead this route? Nuzhny li zakladki i frendy?
How many bolts does this route have? Skol'ko na etoj trasse shliamburov?
Where can I buy climbing gear? Gde mozhno kupit' snariazhenije dlia skalo-(ledo-)lazanija?
Is there an outhouse (bathroom) near here? Zdes' jest' tualet?
Where can we camp? Gde mozhno stavit' palatku?
Would you belay me? Mozhete men'a postrahovat'?
Can you belay with an x? Vy umejete strahovat' s (pomosh'ju) x?
Customs and Airport Security
This is chalk, used for rock climbing. Eto magnezija, ispol'zujetsa dlia skalolazanija
This is rock climbing equipment. Eto snariazhenije dlia skalolazanija
Common Courtesy
please pozhalujsta
thank you spasibo
you're welcome nezashto, pozhalujsta
My name is Dawn. Menia zovut Dawn